More questions than answers unfortunately.
Gimp is a bit-map editor and works in pixels, it can show dimensions in real-world units but still uses pixels.
What size, in pixels, does your 14' x 8' image show in Gimp. You can check the size top of the Gimp window or in Image -> Properties
How did you get the USletter size layers ?
Give those details and you might get a better answer.
You should be able to crop the whole image to size using the crop tool
or
Another way is Image -> Canvas size and that might be easiest way to go, setting inches (8.5 x 11) for units
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I have just made that 14' x 8' image @ 100 ppi = 9600 x 16800 pix Divides up into 192 layers. Exports as a monster PDF, 76 MB
One problem is OSX, there are scripts and plugins to help, one compiled plugin I use, I only have as linux or Windows versions.
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Edit: This is a bit of a guess, since I do not know how far along you got. It might get you a fix. All standard Gimp 2.10
ref. images:
https://i.imgur.com/t6Gxajt.jpg
(1) You divided the image into tiles, but they are 'in-place' individual layers still make up the image.
(2) Use the 'Align tool'
Tools -> Transform Tools -> Align (Q key) and enclose the whole image, click-n-drag the cursor around the image to select all the layers.
https://i.imgur.com/1CZx14G.jpg
(3) With align relative to image, line the layers up along the left side.
(4) Repeat but for the top edge. This will stack all the tiles in the top-left corner.
That is the position you might already have.
https://i.imgur.com/PQopV5g.jpg
(5)
Image -> Fit Canvas to Layers and if you made your layers the correct USletter proportions that is what you will get.
(6) Export to a PDF. This one is enormous
(7) In a PDF viewer, adjacent pages match up.