You can try this:
Original:
Result:
- Make a duplicate of the image
- Run Color > Desaturate (Luminosity) on the bottom one
- Insert a gray (#B8BB8) layer under the top image
- Set the top layer to HSL Color mode: you will obtain an image of flat color areas (the group thumbnail, below)
- Layer > New from visible to obtain a layer from this
- Hide the gray layer and the image copy (you should only have the new and the desaturated layers)
- Set the new layer to HSL Color mode, you should obtain your initial image (more or less)
- Apply Colors > Posterize to the top layer to reduce the colors
Original:
Result:
(yes, this could require some preprocessing of the sky to make it more uniform, and this would have let me add a few more colors in the posterization).